windhausen



' (No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

I'. WINDHAUSBN. COMPRESSING APPARATUS.

Patented 0ot.6,1891.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

P. WINDHAUSBN.

COMPRBSSING APPARATUS.

No. 460,696. Patented Oct. 6, 1891.

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Q Q @Mw ne: arms ravens co., mma-urna., msmuamu, n. c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. WINDHAUSEN.

GOMPRESSING APPARATUS No. 460,696. Patented 00t.6,1891.

p UNITEn STATE-s i PATENT OFFICE.

FRANZ WINDHAUSEN, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

CONI-PRESSING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 460,696, dated October6, 1891.

Application tiled January 8, 1889. Serial No. 295,798. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, FRANZ WINDHAUSEN, a subject of the Emperor ofGermany, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of y,Prussia and Empire ofGermany, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gas-CompressingApparatus for Ice and Cooling Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates, particularly, to an apparatus for use inconnection with machines for producing` cold, and known in the art as Yice, refrigerating, or cooling machines, and

for more especial use with such machines as employ a gas liquetiableunder mechanical compression and the expansion of which produces thecold in taking up heat from a surrounding bod y. Carbonio-acid gas isthe coldproducing medium, for the control of which my improvedcompression apparatus is more particularly intended. Hence and for thesake of convenience the following description is.

confined to carbonio acid as thecold-producing medium, though it is tobe understood that I do not limit myself to the same, as other gaseshaving similar properties may be employed with my improved machine.

My present invention affords an improvement upon the apparatus forcompressing gas for which Letters Patent of the United States No.405,289 were granted me on the 18th day of June, 1889,-whereby theforce-pump therein shown and described shall be supplanted by thecompressor hereinafter set forth, and the means for regulating andcontrolling the supply of the refrigerating medium from the condenser tothe refrigerator or vaporizer shall be supplanted by anexpansion-chamber into which the cold-producing medium in liquid formenters as required, and therein becomes cooled by vaporization andpartial expansion, and is thence forced into the refrigerator.

The principal objects of my present improvements are to provide meanswhereby contact of the gas with the piston and stuflingbox Vpackingshall be prevented, to provide means for economizing.,r in the motivepower of the machine, to provide means whereby the machine may bereplenished with the coldproducing medium (carbonio acid) from anextraneous generator, and to provide means whereby the gas from therefrigerator may be compressed in two successive operations and forcedinto the condenser. p

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents in sectional elevationmy improved compressor communicating with an expansion-cylinder, bothbeing shown as connected with a well-known form of actuating mechanism.Figs. 2, 3, and 4 show similar views of modified constructions of myimproved compressor.

The compression-pump is formed of two chambers or cylinders A and A,communieating through a channel e. The cylinderA is accurately bored andcontains a pistou B, provided with a piston-rod B', which extends belowthe cylinder through a double stuffingboX K K. In the heads of thecylinders A and A are provided, respectively, suctionvalves a and d anddischarge-valves b and h. Into the space adjacent to the suction.-valves suction-pipes d and d enter, and a discharge-pipe e communicateswith the space adjacent to the discharge-valves b and b and common toboth of the latter. Within the cylinder A, between the piston and thestuifing-loox of the piston-rod, and also Within the chamber A', is apressure-fluid X, which serves, incidentally, as'a lubricantyand uponthe upper surface of which, in the cylinder A', the` carbonio-acidvapors are drawn by suction-from the refrigerator and compressed, whilecompression and suction of the vapor in the cylinder A takes place onthe out-er or upper side of the piston B.

The quantity of pressure-fluid should be sufficient to till the chamberA to the valves a and b when the piston B is at the end of itsdownstroke in the cylinder A. Between the double packing K K of thepiston-rod B is a space m, which receives any of the pressurefluid thatmay escape through the packing K, and from which it flows through a pipeg into a space m of the stuiiing-box of a cylindrical expansion-chamber@,Fig. l, whence it is conducted in the manner hereinafter described IOOshown in my said former application, and referred to therein,respectively, by the letters L and M. Liquid carbonio acid flows fronithe condenser (not shown) through a pipe 0 with a pressure of aboutsixty atmospheres, and enters throng-h a valve 71 of tubular form, thecylinder C-,wherein it presses against the piston D during about one-tenth to two-tenths of its back-stroke, after which the valve 7Lautomatically closes. During the back or down stroke of the piston D aportion of the liquid carbonio acid within the chamber C (from onefifthto one-third) evaporates and expands nearly to the pressure within therefrigerator, (twenty to twenty-five atmospheres,) and is then, beingcorrespondingly cooled, by the opposite stroke of the piston dischargedthrough a slide-valve o', Fig. Lregulated by an eccentric on thefly-wheel of the machine, into the refrigerator.

The timely opening of the inlet-valve h is effected by the piston Dstriking a stem h, extending from a piston-head h2 in the tubular valveh into the cylinder C and capable of reciprocating therein, a spring h3,confined in the valve against the head h2, producing a tendency in thelatter to close upon its seat afforded by the head of the valve throughwhich the stern 7L extends. The extent of projection of the stem 7L intothe cylinder C (about one-tenth to two-tenths of the stroke of thepiston) corresponds with the depth to which the cylinder should befilled with the liquid carbonio acid. By its forward or upward strokethe piston D pushes back the rod or stem 7L,and thereby, shortly beforeattain-V ing the end of its stroke, opens the valve 7L by eventuallyforcing the stem against the head at the upper or outer end of thetubular valve 7L. During the return stroke of the piston D and thesimultaneous influx of liquid carbonio acid from the condenser the valveh. remains open until the head h2 on the rod h impinges against thevalve 7i, thereby closing it and shutting off the supply. From the timeof shutting off the supply, as described, and until the piston Dcompletes its return stroke a portion of the liquid carbonic acidcontained in the cylinder evaporates, owing to its latent heat, and theresultant vapors expand to a pressure nearly equaling that in therefrigerator, into which the mixture of liquid and gaseous carbonio acidthus cooled to a low temperature is discharged by the upward or forwardstroke of the piston through the slidevalve o. Any of the carbonio acidwhich may have escaped around the packing of the piston D enters thespace t around the pistonrod D', and is reconducted by the downstroke ofthe piston into the cylinder between the piston and valve 7L through avalve r, provided in the piston. The same valve r serves also for thepassage of any of the pressure- Iiuid X which may find its Way into thespace m from the chamber m of the stuffingbox of thecompression-cylinder A, it being conducted through the valve r by way ofthe suction-pipe s and the space t. Pressure-fluid, and alsocarbonio-acid gas produced in an extraneous generator, maybe introducedby the action of the compressor into the circuit of the machine througha pipe l and Valve Z.

The actuating mechanism with which the pistons B and D are connected andthus connected together presents no features of novelty, being the sameas that used with other compressors, and may be'varied at pleasurewithout affecting my improvement.

If it be desired to compress the gas 'introduced from the refrigeratorinto the com pressor in two successively-performed operations, thesuction-valve a is placed in the position of ihe discharge-valve b' and,vice versa, the discharge-pipe e, leading to the condenser, closed, andthe suction-pipe d connected with the condenser, (not shown,) when, themachine being in operation, the gaseous carbonio acid is drawn throughthe pipe LZ from the refrigerator (not shown) and discharged by theupward stroke, Fig. 1, of the piston B, through the valves l) and a',into the cylinderAover thepressure-lluid X therein, and subsequently, bythe return stroke of the piston and the consequent compression of thepressure-fluid in the chamber A', through the valve b and the pipe(Z',into the condenser.

\Vithout altering the principal of operation of my improved compressor,as shown in Fig. l and described in connection therewith, it may bedisposed as shown in Fig. 2, wherein it comprises two cylinders, one Awithin the other A', and provided with a piston B and rod B. The twocylinders communicate through openings n near the base of the cylinderA, through which the pressure-fluid in the two cylinders moves up intheone and down in the other simultaneously with the movements of thepiston. The suction and the compression of the gas lfrom therefrigerator are accomplished asby the arrangementshown in Fig.l-namely, over the pressure-fluid in the cylinder A', whence thecompressed gas is discharged through the pipe e into the condenser. Thestuflingbox involves the construction shown in Fig. 1, and any of thepressure-fluid X which enters the chamber m passes through the pipe ginto the expansioncylinder. The cylinders of the colnpressor may also bearranged at right angles to each other, as shown in Fig. 3. By thisarrangement the pressure-duid is confined in the vertical cylinder Abetween the piston B and piston rod B of the horizontal cylinder A. Thegas is drawn from the refrigerator first into the cylinder A, wherein itis compressed and discharged through the valve b and a pipefinto thecylinder A upon the pressure-Huid. There, by the back-stroke of thepiston,the gas, thus having been partially compressed, is dischargedthrough a valve c and the pipe cinto the condenser.

Any of the pressure-fluid which has escaped into the space on of thestuiiing-box may be returned to the compressor by means of a suitablepump operated by the actuating IIO mechanism of the Inachine, or, ashereinbefore described, into the expansion-cylinder, if employed, whenit may also be. disposed in horizontal position.

As shown in Fig. 4, the cylinders A and A are arranged as in Fig. 3; butthey are provided with similar heads containing similar suction-valves aand a and discharge-valves b and b', whereby the carbonic-acid vaporsmay be drawn and compressed in the two successive operations, ashereinbefore described, orseparatelyinto the cylinderA upon thepressure-fluid X therein and into the cylinderAfrom the refrigerator,(not shown,) respectively, through the pipes d and d and dischargedthrough the pipese and e (shown in dotted lines) into the condenser.(Not shown.) If the gas is to be compressed by the two successiveoperations referred to and forced into the condenser through the mediumot' the pressure-fluid, vthe two pipes e and d are omitted andsupplanted by the connectingpipef, affording communication of thechamber of the discharge-valve b of the cylinder A with the chamber ofthe suction-valve a of the cylinder A.

For returning any of the pressure-duid which may escape a cylinder A2,of smaller diameter than either of the other cylinders, may beconcentricall y extended from one end of the horizontal cylinder A. Inthis cylinder A2 is a piston B2 on the piston-rod B of the piston B forthe cylinder A. Pressurefiuid which escapes from between the pistons Band B2 rst enters the space between the piston B2and the stuing-box, andis then by lthe back-stroke of the piston B2forced through a valve intothe cylinder A', as shown, and any pressure-fluid which escapes from thespace m of the stufng-box is reconducted through the suction-pipe 0 intothe spacci behind the piston B2, and thence through the valve p and thepipe into the cylinder A.

For the purpose of reducing the heat of compression the compressor inthe various forms thus shown and described should be surrounded by awater-jacket into which Water enters through a pipe and' from which itescapes through a pipe y.

Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a machine for producing cold by the expansion of a gas liquetiableunder mechanical compression, the combination, with a compressor havinga chamber A, provided with a piston, a chamberA, communicating with thechamberA and containing a pressure-duid X, confined between the pistonand the stuffing-box of the piston-rod, of an eXpansion cylinder C,having a piston provided with a valve r, a spacetaround the piston-rod,a valve s, and a space m within the stung-box of the piston-rod andcommunicating with a space 'm in the stufng-box of the compressor,substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

2. In a machine for -producing cold by the expansion of a gas liqueiableunder mechanical compression, the combination, with the compressor andan expansion-chamber C, of a pipe g, affording communication between thecompressor and expansion-chamber at their stuffing-boxes, and a branchpipe Z, provided with a check-valve Z', through which to drawcarbonio-acid gas from an extraneous source into the machine,substantially as described.

' FRANZ WINDHAUSEN. In presence of- B. Ror, CARL WINDHAUSEN.

